Banks, fintechs and telcos in Ghana handle money and personal data, so security knowledge appears in their adverts. You do not need to be a security specialist, but you must avoid the common mistakes that let attackers in. A short list of well understood problems is behind many real breaches.
Common attacks and how to stop them
Injection. If user input becomes part of a database query or system command, an attacker can run their own code. Always use parameterised queries, as you learned in the SQL lesson. Never build queries by gluing strings together.
Broken access control. A user changes /orders/41 to /orders/42 and sees someone else's order. Check permissions on the server for every request, as in the authorisation lesson. It is the first item (A01) in the OWASP Top Ten 2025 list of web application risks.
Weak authentication. Plain text passwords, unlimited login attempts or codes that never expire. Hash passwords, limit attempts and expire codes quickly.
Exposed secrets. API keys pushed to GitHub or pasted in chat groups. Bots scan public code for keys constantly. Keep secrets in environment variables and rotate any key that leaks.
Outdated dependencies. Old libraries with known security holes. Run your package manager's audit command, such as , and update regularly.