Why this matters
Setting up and fixing small office networks is everyday work for IT support in Ghana: a new branch office, a school computer lab, a clinic, a guest house. Adverts mention routers, switches, LAN cabling, Wi-Fi and network security. Getting a small network right the first time prevents months of complaints.
The pieces
- Internet connection. A fibre box from the provider, a 4G or 5G router with a SIM, or a pocket MiFi. Many offices outside big cities rely on mobile data, so watch bundle balances.
- Router. Connects the local network to the internet, hands out addresses (DHCP), translates addresses (NAT), usually runs a basic firewall, and often provides Wi-Fi. Many home and small office units combine all these in one box.
- Switch. Adds wired ports. Wired connections are faster and more reliable than Wi-Fi, so use them for desktops, printers and servers.
- Access points. Extra Wi-Fi radios connected by cable to spread coverage. Better than cheap repeaters, which can halve speed.
- Cables. Ethernet cables (category 5e or 6) with RJ45 plugs. A single run should stay under about 100 metres. Protect cables from feet, chairs, rats and sun.
Wi-Fi basics
- Bands. 2.4 GHz reaches further and passes walls better but is slower and more crowded. 5 GHz is faster but shorter range. Many routers offer both.