Why this matters
An operating system (OS) is the main software that runs a device: it manages the hardware, runs apps and gives people a way to use the machine. In Ghanaian workplaces you will meet three again and again. Most office desktops and laptops run Microsoft Windows. Many servers, routers, internet systems and cloud services run Linux. Almost every staff phone runs Android. Job adverts for IT support in Ghana ask for Windows support most often, with Linux appearing for server and network work and mobile device support appearing for staff phones and tablets.
What every operating system does
Whatever the brand, an OS handles the same jobs:
- Starts the device after the firmware hands over.
- Manages files and folders on storage.
- Runs apps and shares memory and processor time between them.
- Manages users and permissions, deciding who can sign in and what they can change.
- Talks to hardware through drivers, small programs that let the OS use a printer, screen or Wi-Fi card.
- Connects to networks and keeps settings such as the device's address.
- Updates itself with fixes for bugs and security holes.
Once you understand these jobs, moving between Windows, Linux and Android is much easier. You will always look for the same things: where are the settings, where are the files, who is the user, what is installed, is it up to date, is it connected.